Australian frontier wars

The Australian frontier wars were a series of armed conflicts between Indigenous Australians and European settlers and colonial forces during colonization, chiefly from 1788 to the early twentieth century.

Frontier violence in Australia: Violence associated with the expansion of European settlement into Indigenous lands in Australia. The wars formed part of a wider pattern of violence accompanying colonial expansion.
Black War: A conflict between Tasmanian Aboriginal people and British settlers in Van Diemen’s Land, especially from 1824 to 1831. It became one of the most consequential conflicts of the Tasmanian frontier.
British colonization of Australia: The establishment and expansion of British colonies on the Australian continent beginning in 1788. The wars arose as British settlement expanded into Indigenous territories.
Stolen Generations: Generations of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children forcibly removed from their families by Australian authorities and institutions. Later colonial and state policies extended the harms of dispossession beyond armed conflict.
Pemulwuy: A Bidjigal leader who resisted British settlement around Sydney in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. His resistance became a prominent example of early Aboriginal opposition to British occupation.
Squatting (Australian history): The occupation of Crown land by pastoralists outside authorized settlement boundaries in colonial Australia. Pastoral occupation brought settlers and livestock onto Indigenous lands, intensifying disputes.
Eureka Rebellion: An 1854 uprising by gold miners against colonial authority at Ballarat, Victoria. Unlike Indigenous frontier conflicts, it is commonly remembered as a settler struggle for political rights.
Terra nullius: A doctrine used to characterize land as belonging to no one and available for acquisition. British claims to sovereignty disregarded existing Indigenous laws and political authority.
Aboriginal deaths in custody: Deaths of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people while detained by police or correctional authorities. Contemporary debates connect ongoing state violence to the longer history of colonial dispossession.
Jandamarra: A Bunuba man who led armed resistance to European settlement in the Kimberley region during the 1890s. His campaign represents a later, strategically organized phase of frontier resistance.

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