Autarky

Autarky is a condition or policy of economic self-sufficiency in which a country or community minimizes reliance on trade with others.

Import substitution industrialization: An industrialization strategy that replaces imported goods with domestically produced alternatives. It pursues self-reliance by building domestic industries behind trade barriers.
North Korea: A state in East Asia established in 1948 and governed by the Workers' Party of Korea. Its juche ideology has emphasized national self-reliance, though the country remains connected to external trade.
Comparative advantage: The principle that trade can benefit parties when each specializes in goods it produces at lower opportunity cost. It explains why reducing trade can forgo gains from specialization.
Free trade: International trade with few or no government-imposed barriers. It represents the opposite policy direction from deliberately minimizing trade.
Xenophon: An ancient Greek historian, soldier, and writer who lived in the fourth and fifth centuries BCE. His writings on household management helped shape the Greek vocabulary and tradition of economic self-sufficiency.
Tariff: A tax imposed on imported or exported goods. Tariffs can shield domestic producers from foreign competition, though they do not eliminate trade.
Albania under Enver Hoxha: The communist regime that ruled Albania under Enver Hoxha from 1944 until 1985. After breaking with major allies, Albania pursued unusually extensive economic isolation and self-reliance.
Economies of scale: Cost advantages that arise when production increases and fixed costs are spread across more units. Small protected markets may not support the production scale needed to lower costs.
Protectionism: Government policies that restrict imports or otherwise favor domestic producers over foreign competitors. Protectionism can support autarkic aims but may also coexist with substantial trade.
Aristotle: An ancient Greek philosopher whose works covered ethics, politics, biology, and logic. His account of the self-sufficient polis links economic independence with political community.

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