Automatic drawing

Automatic drawing is a practice of making marks spontaneously to reduce deliberate control and give form to imagery or associations outside conscious planning.

Surrealist automatism: A Surrealist method of creating with reduced conscious control to bring unexpected associations into art and writing. Automatic drawing is one visual form of this broader creative method.
André Breton: A French writer and principal organizer of the Surrealist movement. Breton defined Surrealist automatism as a route to unfiltered expression.
Automatic writing: A writing practice that attempts to record language with minimal conscious planning or censorship. It is the literary counterpart to automatic drawing.
The Automatic Message: A 1933 book by André Breton that examines automatism and its role in Surrealist art and thought. Breton's account clarifies the movement's claims about automatic creation.
Free association: A method of expressing thoughts as they arise, without censorship or deliberate selection. Both practices seek material by loosening conscious filtering.
Surrealism: An artistic and literary movement that sought to unite dream, unconscious thought, and waking life. Automatic drawing became one of Surrealism's characteristic creative practices.
Frottage: A technique of making images by rubbing graphite or another medium over a textured surface. Max Ernst used rubbings as prompts for images developed through chance and interpretation.
Max Ernst: A German-born artist who became a major figure in Dada and Surrealism. Ernst developed chance-based techniques that extended automatist image-making beyond drawing.
Psychic automatism: A proposed process in which unconscious thought or imagery appears in creative expression with minimal conscious control. Surrealists used this idea to explain the impulses behind automatic marks.
Joan Miró: A Catalan artist whose paintings developed from biomorphic forms, signs, and playful abstraction. Miró's early Surrealist work drew on spontaneous mark-making and automatist procedures.

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