Automatic train operation

Automatic train operation uses computer systems to perform some or all routine train-driving tasks, such as starting, regulating speed, stopping, and opening doors.

Communications-based train control: A railway signaling system that uses frequent train-to-trackside communication to locate trains and regulate their movement. It provides precise train-position data and movement control for many automated metro systems.
Automated guideway transit: A rail-based transit system whose vehicles run automatically on a dedicated guideway. It is a common setting for fully automated, frequent passenger service.
GoA4: The highest grade in the IEC and UITP scale of railway automation, with no staff needed on board for train operation. It distinguishes fully unattended operation from automation that retains an onboard operator.
Headway (transportation): The time interval between consecutive vehicles passing the same point on a route. Automatic speed control and stopping can help trains maintain short, regular service intervals.
Automatic train protection: A system that enforces speed limits and movement authorities to reduce the risk of collisions and overspeeding. It can intervene when an automated train exceeds its permitted speed or movement authority.
Driverless train: A train operated without a driver in the cab, using automated control and supporting safety systems. It is the most visible application of train operation without routine human driving.
GoA2: A grade of railway automation in which the system controls driving while an operator remains in the cab. It captures the common distinction between automatic driving and removing the driver.
Moving block: A railway separation method that calculates a safe following distance from each train’s position and speed. Precise automated train control can make moving-block operation practical.
Automatic train supervision: A system that monitors train movements and manages service regulation, including schedules and headways. It coordinates automated trains with service plans and can adjust departures to maintain regular intervals.
London Underground Victoria line: A London Underground line opened in 1968 and designed for automatic train operation with onboard attendants. Its early service shows how automatic driving can coexist with staff on board.

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