Autonomous vehicle

An autonomous vehicle performs some or all driving tasks without direct human control. Its automation may range from assistance with individual tasks to operation without a human driver.

Perception (artificial intelligence): The process by which an artificial intelligence system interprets sensory data to identify objects, conditions, or events. Perception turns camera, radar, and lidar measurements into a model of nearby roads and traffic.
Driving automation: The use of technology to perform parts or all of the dynamic driving task. Autonomous vehicles are one outcome of the broader effort to automate driving.
Robotaxi: A passenger vehicle operated as an on-demand taxi service using automated driving technology. Robotaxis are a prominent application of driverless operation on public roads.
Tesla Autopilot: A driver-assistance system from Tesla that provides functions such as adaptive cruise control and lane centering. Its name can suggest autonomy, but the system requires an attentive human driver.
Vehicle safety: The design and evaluation of measures that reduce the likelihood and severity of harm involving vehicles. Automated driving must be assessed against safety risks across real operating conditions.
Sensor fusion: The combination of data from multiple sensors to produce a more complete or reliable estimate of the world. Combining sensor measurements can compensate for limitations in any single sensing method.
SAE J3016: A standard that classifies driving automation into six levels, from no automation to full automation. Its levels distinguish task-specific assistance from systems that can drive without human supervision.
Autonomous shuttle: A small automated passenger vehicle designed for shared transport, often on a fixed or restricted route. Shuttles can operate in bounded environments where routes and speeds are limited.
Waymo: An autonomous-driving technology company that operates driverless ride-hailing services in selected locations. Its commercial deployments illustrate one approach to operating vehicles without onboard drivers.
Trolley problem: A family of ethical thought experiments about choosing between harmful outcomes when action is unavoidable. It frames public debate about how automated systems should respond to unavoidable collisions.

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