Axel jump

A figure-skating jump that takes off from a forward outside edge and lands backward on the opposite foot. Its forward takeoff adds a half rotation compared with other jumps.

Forward outside edge: A skating edge made while moving forward with the blade’s outside side tracing the curve. The Axel begins from this edge, usually on the left foot for a counterclockwise jumper.
Figure skating edge: A curved skating path made with either the inside or outside edge of a skate blade. The Axel’s takeoff requires a controlled outside edge rather than a toe-pick plant.
Axel Paulsen: A Norwegian speed skater and figure skater who introduced the jump named after him in 1882. Paulsen first performed the jump at the 1882 World Figure Skating Championships.
International Skating Union: The international governing body for figure skating and several other ice sports. Its rules define how Axel rotations and jump validity are judged in competition.
Dick Button: An American figure skater who won Olympic gold in 1948 and 1952 and pioneered difficult jumps. Button landed the first double Axel in competition at the 1948 Winter Olympics.
Waltz jump: A single-revolution jump that takes off from a forward outside edge and lands on the opposite foot. Its takeoff resembles the Axel’s, but its half rotation makes it a useful technical precursor.
Figure skating jump: An airborne element in which a skater takes off from the ice and lands again on a skate. The Axel is one of the sport’s six recognized jump types.
1882 World Figure Skating Championships: The first World Figure Skating Championships, held in Vienna in 1882. Axel Paulsen debuted his namesake jump at this competition.
Figure skating judging system: The system used to score figure-skating elements and performance in competition. Axel difficulty and execution contribute to a program’s technical score.
Vern Taylor: A Canadian figure skater who landed the first triple Axel in competition in 1978. His achievement marked the triple Axel’s arrival in elite competition.

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