Azerbaijan Democratic Republic

The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was an independent state established in 1918 in the South Caucasus. The Red Army overthrew it in 1920, bringing Azerbaijan under Soviet rule.

Russian Revolution: The upheavals of 1917 that ended the Russian Empire and brought the Bolsheviks to power. The empire’s collapse weakened central authority and opened the way for Azerbaijani independence.
Parliament of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic: The republic’s representative legislature, inaugurated in Baku in December 1918. It legislated for a state whose authority remained contested and geographically uneven.
Mammad Amin Rasulzadeh: An Azerbaijani nationalist and Musavat leader who chaired the National Council that declared independence. Rasulzadeh became the republic’s emblematic political leader.
Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan: The Soviet military takeover of Azerbaijan in April 1920 that ended the republic’s independence. The invasion forced the government from power and established Bolshevik rule.
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic: A short-lived federation of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia formed in 1918. Its dissolution preceded Azerbaijan’s declaration of independence.
Azerbaijani National Council: A representative body that declared Azerbaijan independent on 28 May 1918. The council founded the republic and initially exercised its legislative authority.
Fatali Khan Khoyski: An Azerbaijani politician who served as the republic’s first prime minister. Khoyski led the first government formed after independence.
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic: A Soviet republic established in 1920 that became part of the Soviet Union in 1922. It replaced the independent republic and governed Azerbaijan for most of the next seven decades.
Musavat: An Azerbaijani political party founded in 1911 that became the republic’s leading political force. Musavat leaders proclaimed independence and dominated the new government.
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic Army: The armed forces organized by the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic between 1918 and 1920. The army defended the republic amid regional conflict and external intervention.

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