Azusa Street Revival

A Los Angeles Christian revival led by William J. Seymour from 1906 to 1909. Its interracial worship and reports of speaking in tongues helped launch Pentecostalism’s global spread.

William J. Seymour: An African American Holiness preacher who led the Azusa Street Revival in Los Angeles. His preaching and leadership shaped the revival’s meetings and message.
Baptism in the Holy Spirit: A Christian experience understood in Pentecostal traditions as empowerment by the Holy Spirit. Participants interpreted their experiences as a fresh baptism in the Spirit.
Pentecostalism: A Christian movement emphasizing the work of the Holy Spirit, spiritual gifts, and often speaking in tongues. The revival became a major catalyst for Pentecostalism’s institutional and international growth.
Seymour–Parham controversy: A conflict between William J. Seymour and Charles F. Parham over leadership, theology, and racial practice in early Pentecostalism. Parham’s criticism of Azusa exposed tensions over its interracial meetings and authority.
Charles Fox Parham: An American preacher who taught that speaking in tongues was evidence of baptism in the Holy Spirit. Seymour encountered Parham’s teaching before beginning the Los Angeles revival.
Glossolalia: Speech uttered in religious settings that is understood by participants as inspired or spiritual language. Speaking in tongues became the revival’s most public and disputed manifestation.
Assemblies of God: A Pentecostal denomination founded in the United States in 1914. Its early leaders emerged from networks shaped by the Azusa revival.
Racial segregation in the United States: Systems of law and custom that separated people by race in the United States. Azusa’s interracial worship stood against the segregation surrounding its Los Angeles setting.
Holiness movement: A Protestant movement emphasizing sanctification and a life of Christian holiness. Its theology and networks formed part of the revival’s religious inheritance.
Healing revival: A religious revival in which prayer for divine healing is a prominent practice. Reports of healing helped draw people to the meetings and spread their reputation.

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