Bacterial protein synthesis

Bacterial protein synthesis is the process by which ribosomes translate messenger RNA into proteins. It couples transcription and translation in the cytoplasm and uses bacterial-specific translation factors and signals.

Translation initiation in bacteria: The assembly of a bacterial ribosome, messenger RNA, and initiator transfer RNA at a start codon. The Shine–Dalgarno sequence and initiation factors position the start codon in the ribosome.
70S ribosome: The bacterial ribosome, composed of 30S and 50S subunits. Its subunits assemble on messenger RNA to form the translation machine.
Bacterial gene expression: The processes by which bacteria use genetic information to produce functional RNAs and proteins. Protein synthesis is the protein-producing stage of bacterial gene expression.
Eukaryotic translation: The process by which eukaryotic ribosomes translate messenger RNA into proteins. Eukaryotic initiation and ribosome structure differ from bacterial counterparts.
Shine–Dalgarno sequence: A purine-rich messenger RNA sequence that base-pairs with bacterial ribosomal RNA to position a start codon. It helps recruit and align bacterial ribosomes on many messenger RNAs.
16S ribosomal RNA: The RNA molecule in the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit that helps decode messenger RNA. Its anti-Shine–Dalgarno region pairs with bacterial messenger RNA during initiation.
Coupled transcription and translation: The simultaneous production and translation of messenger RNA in prokaryotic cells. Bacterial ribosomes can begin translating an RNA before transcription finishes.
Archaeal translation: The process by which archaeal ribosomes translate messenger RNA into proteins. Archaea share some bacterial features but use many translation components resembling eukaryotic ones.
Translation elongation in bacteria: The ribosomal cycle that selects aminoacyl-transfer RNAs and extends a protein chain. Elongation factors deliver substrates and move the ribosome along messenger RNA.
Transfer RNA: An adaptor RNA that carries an amino acid and pairs its anticodon with a messenger RNA codon. Transfer RNAs match each translated codon to its corresponding amino acid.

Linked from 7 pages