Bahrain

Bahrain is an island country in the Persian Gulf, comprising Bahrain Island and smaller surrounding islands. Its archaeological record includes sites associated with ancient Dilmun.

Dilmun: Dilmun was an ancient trading civilization centered in the Persian Gulf, with its heartland on present-day Bahrain. Bahrain’s burial mounds and settlements are among the strongest archaeological evidence for Dilmun.
Persian Gulf: The Persian Gulf is a shallow marginal sea between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Bahrain lies near the Gulf’s western shore, between major regional powers.
Pearl diving in the Persian Gulf: Pearl diving in the Persian Gulf was a seasonal industry based on harvesting natural pearls from oyster beds. Pearling sustained Bahrain’s economy and society before the rise of oil.
Bahraini uprising of 2011: The Bahraini uprising of 2011 was a wave of protests demanding political reform and greater representation. Its suppression and aftermath reshaped debates about rights and political participation.
Qal'at al-Bahrain: Qal'at al-Bahrain is an archaeological tell on Bahrain Island, with occupation layers spanning millennia. Its successive settlements document the island’s role in Dilmun and later periods.
Bahrain Island: Bahrain Island is the largest island in the Bahrain archipelago and contains the capital, Manama. It holds most of the country’s population and central institutions.
Bahrain oil industry: Bahrain’s oil industry began commercial production in 1932, the first in the Gulf Arab states. Oil reshaped public finances and employment after the decline of pearling.
Bahraini Parliament: The Bahraini Parliament is a bicameral legislature comprising an elected Council of Representatives and an appointed Shura Council. Its limited powers and composition lie at the center of disputes over representation.
Tylos: Tylos was the name used for Bahrain in the Hellenistic period and associated with its ancient pearl trade. The name marks Bahrain’s place in the Greek accounts of the Gulf.
Manama: Manama is the capital and largest city of Bahrain. The city concentrates the country’s government, finance, and commercial activity.

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