Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline

The Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline carries crude oil from Azerbaijan across Georgia to a Mediterranean export terminal near Ceyhan, Turkey.

Sangachal Terminal: An oil and gas processing and export facility on Azerbaijan’s Caspian coast near Baku. The pipeline begins at this terminal, where Azerbaijani crude enters the export system.
Azerbaijan: A country in the South Caucasus, bordering the Caspian Sea. Azerbaijan supplies the oil that made the pipeline’s export route possible.
Azeri–Chirag–Gunashli: A group of offshore oil fields in Azerbaijan’s sector of the Caspian Sea. Production from these fields has supplied much of the oil transported through BTC.
Caspian pipeline politics: Political competition over routes for exporting oil and gas from the Caspian region. BTC became a major westward option in disputes over who would control Caspian energy transit.
Pump station: A facility that uses pumps to maintain fluid flow and pressure in a pipeline. Stations along the route push crude across long distances and varied terrain.
Georgia: A country in the South Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian region. Georgia provides the pipeline’s land corridor between Azerbaijan and Turkey.
Western Route Export Pipeline: A pipeline carrying Azerbaijani crude from Baku to the Georgian Black Sea port of Supsa. It offers a shorter alternative export route, ending at the Black Sea rather than the Mediterranean.
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: A conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding territories. The pipeline’s regional setting made conflict and infrastructure security closely connected concerns.
Ceyhan: A Turkish Mediterranean port city and energy hub in Adana Province. The pipeline ends at Ceyhan, where crude is stored and loaded onto tankers.
Turkey: A country spanning southeastern Europe and western Asia, with a Mediterranean coast. Turkey hosts the pipeline’s terminal and offers access to Mediterranean shipping.

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