Baku

Baku is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, on the western shore of the Caspian Sea. Its historic walled center stands beside districts shaped by oil wealth and rapid growth.

Old City of Baku: The historic walled core of Baku, containing medieval streets, monuments, and the Palace of the Shirvanshahs. Its fortified lanes preserve the city’s oldest urban fabric.
Baku oil boom: The rapid expansion of Baku’s petroleum industry and population during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Oil wealth transformed Baku from a regional town into a major industrial city.
Azerbaijani oil industry: The extraction, processing, and export of petroleum from Azerbaijan’s onshore and offshore fields. Oil production has long been central to Baku’s economy and growth.
Caspian Sea: The world’s largest inland body of water, bordered by five countries across Europe and Asia. Baku’s waterfront and port face this inland sea.
Yanar Dag: A natural gas fire that burns continuously on a hillside on the Absheron Peninsula near Baku. The nearby flame is part of the landscape behind Baku’s fire imagery.
Maiden Tower: A distinctive stone tower in Baku’s Old City, built in stages and now a landmark and museum. The tower is among Baku’s most recognizable historic structures.
Nobel Brothers: A group of Swedish brothers whose company became a major force in the nineteenth-century Baku oil industry. Their petroleum enterprise helped build the city’s early oil economy.
Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline: An oil pipeline carrying crude from the Caspian region through Georgia to the Turkish Mediterranean coast. The pipeline connects Baku’s energy exports to markets beyond the Caspian.
Absheron Peninsula: A peninsula in eastern Azerbaijan that projects into the Caspian Sea and contains Baku and surrounding settlements. Baku occupies the peninsula’s southern shore and urban core.
Ateshgah of Baku: A historic fire temple on the Absheron Peninsula, associated with Zoroastrian and Hindu communities. The temple connects the region’s natural gas fires with religious history.

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