Knowra Balikpapan Balikpapan Balikpapan is a port city on the eastern coast of Indonesian Borneo, in East Kalimantan. Its development and economy are closely tied to petroleum production and refining.
Royal Dutch Shell : Royal Dutch Shell was a multinational oil and gas company formed in 1907 by the merger of Royal Dutch Petroleum and Shell Transport and Trading. Its predecessor companies developed Balikpapan’s oil industry and refinery.
Balikpapan Refinery : The Balikpapan Refinery is an oil-processing complex operated by Indonesia’s state-owned energy company, Pertamina. It is the city’s most visible industrial link to petroleum processing.
Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan International Airport : Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan International Airport is the principal airport serving Balikpapan, East Kalimantan. It links the city’s business and government functions with other Indonesian regions.
Balikpapan Bay mangroves : Balikpapan Bay’s mangroves are coastal forests that shelter wildlife and help stabilize shorelines. They face pressure from development and pollution around the city and bay.
Balikpapan Bay : Balikpapan Bay is a coastal inlet in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, opening onto the Makassar Strait. The bay’s harbor and shoreline provided the setting for the port and refinery.
Pertamina : Pertamina is Indonesia’s state-owned energy company, active in oil, gas, refining, and related businesses. It operates the refinery that anchors Balikpapan’s oil economy.
Port of Balikpapan : The Port of Balikpapan is a seaport in East Kalimantan serving commercial shipping and regional industries. The port supports petroleum exports, imports, and the city’s wider supply network.
Orangutan : Orangutans are great apes native to the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra. Forest conversion associated with regional development threatens their habitat in Borneo.
Battle of Balikpapan : The Battle of Balikpapan was a major Allied amphibious assault against Japanese forces in Borneo in July 1945. The 1945 battle devastated the oil town and preceded its postwar reconstruction.
Oil refinery : An oil refinery is an industrial facility that separates and transforms crude oil into fuels and other products. Refining converts crude arriving through the port into products for Indonesian markets.
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