Balinese Hinduism

A form of Hinduism practiced chiefly in Bali, combining Hindu beliefs and rituals with local traditions and ancestor veneration.

Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa: The supreme divine reality in Balinese Hinduism, understood as the source of the gods and the universe. This name for ultimate divinity anchors Balinese accounts of the many gods.
Odalan: A Balinese temple anniversary ceremony, usually held according to the temple's ritual calendar. Its recurring ceremonies renew a temple's relationship with its deity and community.
Majapahit Empire: A Hindu-Buddhist Javanese empire that dominated much of the Indonesian archipelago from the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries. Majapahit influence shaped Balinese court culture and religious institutions.
Pedanda: A high-ranking Balinese Hindu priest, traditionally associated with Brahmana families and ritual expertise. Pedanda officiate at major ceremonies and transmit priestly knowledge.
Hinduism: A diverse family of Indian-origin religious traditions, philosophies, and practices centered on concepts such as dharma and liberation. Balinese Hinduism belongs to this wider tradition while differing in ritual and local history.
Tri Hita Karana: A Balinese Hindu philosophy of well-being through harmony among people, nature, and the divine. Its three relationships frame religious duties beyond temple worship.
Galungan: A Balinese Hindu festival celebrating the victory of dharma and the return of ancestral spirits to family homes. Its household observances join moral order with ancestor welcome.
Hinduism in Indonesia: The historical and contemporary presence of Hindu traditions across the Indonesian archipelago. Balinese Hinduism is the region's largest surviving Hindu tradition.
Pemangku: A Balinese Hindu temple priest who serves a particular shrine or temple and conducts local rites. Pemangku provide everyday ritual service within local temple communities.
Balinese Buddhism: A small Buddhist tradition in Bali that shares historical and cultural connections with Balinese Hinduism. Its distinct identity highlights the island's religious plurality and shared heritage.

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