Bangladesh genocide

The mass killing of Bengalis by the Pakistani military and its allies during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, including widespread attacks on civilians and targeted groups.

Operation Searchlight: The Pakistani military crackdown launched in East Pakistan on 25 March 1971 to suppress Bengali demands for autonomy. It began the campaign of mass violence in Dhaka and across East Pakistan.
Partition of Bengal: The division of Bengal into eastern and western regions during the 1947 partition of British India. It placed East Bengal within Pakistan, creating the eastern wing at the center of later conflict.
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: The leader of the Awami League and Bangladesh’s founding president, whose arrest followed the Pakistani military crackdown in 1971. His electoral mandate and independence movement were central targets of Pakistan’s campaign.
Bangladesh Liberation War: The 1971 armed conflict that led to the independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan. The genocide occurred within this war and intensified the struggle for independence.
Genocide Convention: The 1948 United Nations treaty that defines genocide and obliges its parties to prevent and punish it. Its legal definition informs debate over how the 1971 killings should be classified.
Jathas of Razakars: A paramilitary force recruited in East Pakistan that supported Pakistani military operations during the 1971 war. Razakar units assisted the army and took part in violence against Bengali civilians.
East Pakistan: The eastern province of Pakistan from 1947 until Bangladesh became independent in 1971. Its political and economic subordination to West Pakistan fueled Bengali grievances.
Yahya Khan: The president of Pakistan from 1969 to 1971 and commander-in-chief during the breakup of the country. He presided over the military government that launched the crackdown in East Pakistan.
Bangladesh: A South Asian country that became independent from Pakistan in 1971. The mass violence and war culminated in the creation of the state.
Genocide recognition: The political and legal process by which states or institutions formally acknowledge a historical mass atrocity as genocide. Bangladesh has sought wider international recognition of the 1971 atrocities as genocide.

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