Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

The Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) is an autonomous region in the southwestern Philippines governed under a parliamentary system with powers defined by national law.

Bangsamoro Organic Law: The Philippine law that established BARMM and defines its powers, institutions, and relationship with the national government. It supplies the legal framework for the region’s government and autonomy.
Moro conflict: A long-running conflict in the southern Philippines involving Moro self-determination, state authority, and competing armed movements. The conflict created the political demand for expanded autonomy.
Autonomy: The authority of a political unit to govern specified affairs while remaining within a larger state. BARMM’s powers are delegated autonomy, not national sovereignty.
Bangsamoro peace process: The negotiations and agreements between the Philippine government and Moro movements aimed at ending armed conflict and establishing political arrangements. BARMM is the principal institutional outcome of this peace process.
Bangsamoro Parliament: BARMM’s legislative body, composed of elected and sectoral representatives and led by a Chief Minister. It exercises the region’s legislative authority within the parliamentary system.
Tripoli Agreement: A 1976 agreement between the Philippine government and the Moro National Liberation Front concerning autonomy in the southern Philippines. It was an early negotiated basis for an autonomous region.
Bangsamoro: A collective name for the historically rooted Muslim peoples of Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago, and for their shared political identity. The region’s name and political project center on Bangsamoro identity.
2019 Bangsamoro autonomy plebiscite: The 2019 referendum in which voters approved the Bangsamoro Organic Law and determined the region’s initial territorial coverage. The plebiscite authorized BARMM and established which localities joined it.
Chief Minister of Bangsamoro: The head of government of BARMM, chosen by the Bangsamoro Parliament. The office leads the regional executive and is accountable to the Parliament.
Moro National Liberation Front: A Moro separatist organization founded in the early 1970s that led an armed struggle for self-determination in the southern Philippines. Its negotiations with the government helped shape earlier autonomy arrangements.

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