Bank of China

Bank of China is a state-owned Chinese commercial bank founded in 1912 and headquartered in Beijing. It is one of China’s largest banks and a major provider of international banking services.

Foreign exchange: The conversion of one currency into another and the market where those exchanges occur. Bank of China has a longstanding role in China’s foreign-exchange business.
Bank of China (1912–1949): The bank’s history from its establishment in the Republic of China through the founding of the People’s Republic. This period began with the bank’s creation and included its development as a central institution.
Commercial bank: A financial institution that accepts deposits and provides loans and payment services. Bank of China is a large commercial bank with domestic and international operations.
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China: A Chinese state-owned commercial bank founded in 1984 and headquartered in Beijing. ICBC is a close domestic peer, but its later founding and larger scale distinguish it.
Trade finance: Financial products and services that help businesses pay for and manage international trade. Its international network supports payment, credit, and risk management for cross-border commerce.
Republic of China: The state established in 1912 that governed mainland China until 1949 and continued in Taiwan afterward. Bank of China was founded in the political transition that created this republic.
State-owned enterprise: A business in which a government owns or controls a substantial stake. State ownership shapes the bank’s governance and its relationship with government policy.
China Construction Bank: A Chinese state-owned commercial bank founded in 1954 and headquartered in Beijing. It is another member of the Big Four, with a different institutional history and business profile.
Retail banking: Banking services offered to individuals, including deposits, payments, loans, and cards. These services connect the bank’s large institutional presence to individual customers.
People's Bank of China: The central bank of the People’s Republic of China, established in 1948. The creation of a separate central bank changed Bank of China’s role in the financial system.

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