Barisan Nasional

Barisan Nasional is a Malaysian political coalition formed in 1973 that governed the country for most of its post-independence history, until losing federal power in 2018.

United Malays National Organisation: A Malaysian political party founded in 1946 that became the largest and leading party in Barisan Nasional. UMNO supplied the coalition’s dominant leadership and much of its Malay support.
13 May Incident: A period of deadly communal violence in Kuala Lumpur on 13 May 1969, following a general election. The violence preceded a political restructuring that helped create Barisan Nasional.
Malaysian general election, 2018: Malaysia’s 2018 federal election, in which Barisan Nasional lost its parliamentary majority for the first time. The election ended the coalition’s continuous control of the federal government.
Pakatan Rakyat: A Malaysian opposition coalition that contested the 2008 and 2013 general elections. Pakatan Rakyat challenged Barisan Nasional’s dominance before the later opposition coalition won power.
Najib Razak: A Malaysian politician who served as prime minister from 2009 to 2018 and led Barisan Nasional in its election defeat. Najib led the coalition during the 2018 campaign and became closely associated with its loss.
Malaysian Chinese Association: A Malaysian political party founded in 1949 to represent Chinese interests in national politics. The MCA was a principal partner representing many Chinese Malaysian voters within the coalition.
Malaysian general election, 1969: Malaysia’s 1969 federal election, in which the Alliance lost ground and opposition parties made major gains. The election weakened the old governing arrangement before the coalition’s formation.
Pakatan Harapan: A Malaysian political coalition that won the 2018 general election and formed the federal government. Pakatan Harapan assembled the opposition forces that defeated Barisan Nasional in 2018.
Democratic Action Party: A Malaysian social-democratic political party founded in 1965 and a frequent Barisan Nasional opponent. The DAP was a major opposition force against the coalition, especially in urban constituencies.
Anwar Ibrahim: A Malaysian politician who became prime minister in 2022 after decades as an opposition leader and political prisoner. Anwar led opposition movements that challenged Barisan Nasional and later headed a unity government.

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