Barrier contraception

Barrier contraception uses a physical device or material to prevent sperm from reaching an egg. Some methods also reduce transmission of sexually transmitted infections.

External condom: A sheath worn over the penis during sex to contain semen and reduce pregnancy and infection risk. It blocks semen at its source and is the barrier method that also reduces STI transmission.
Condom: A sheath used during sex to reduce the chance of pregnancy and, for external condoms, STI transmission. Condoms are the most widely used barrier methods and include external and internal forms.
Hormonal contraception: Contraception using hormones to prevent pregnancy, chiefly by suppressing ovulation or altering reproductive conditions. It prevents pregnancy through hormonal effects rather than physically blocking sperm.
Typical-use effectiveness: A measure of how well a contraceptive method prevents pregnancy during ordinary use, including inconsistent or incorrect use. Missed steps and inconsistent use can make barrier methods less effective than perfect-use figures suggest.
Internal condom: A loose-fitting sheath inserted into the vagina or anus before sex to provide a physical barrier. It lines the receiving cavity, keeping semen away from the cervix.
Dual protection: Using methods that address both pregnancy prevention and sexually transmitted infection prevention. Combining condoms with another contraceptive can address risks that other barriers do not.
Intrauterine device: A small device placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy, available in hormonal and copper forms. It works inside the uterus rather than forming a barrier at the cervix or during sex.
Perfect-use effectiveness: A measure of contraceptive performance when a method is used correctly and consistently every time. It distinguishes the method's potential performance from everyday outcomes.
Diaphragm: A flexible dome placed over the cervix before sex, typically used with spermicide to prevent pregnancy. Its position over the cervix creates a local barrier to sperm.
Contraceptive effectiveness: The degree to which a contraceptive method prevents pregnancy under specified conditions of use. Barrier methods vary in effectiveness, especially between perfect and typical use.

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