Baryogenesis

Baryogenesis is the set of processes that produced more baryons than antibaryons in the early universe, leaving the matter observed today.

Sakharov conditions: Three conditions—baryon-number violation, C and CP violation, and departure from thermal equilibrium—required for dynamically generating a baryon asymmetry. They state the general requirements any successful baryogenesis mechanism must satisfy.
Baryon asymmetry: The excess of baryons over antibaryons, commonly expressed as a number-density difference or normalized abundance. It is the quantity baryogenesis must produce and explain.
Andrei Sakharov: A Soviet physicist who identified the conditions needed for generating a baryon asymmetry in 1967. His criteria shaped modern accounts of how baryogenesis could occur.
Leptogenesis: A mechanism that first generates a lepton asymmetry, which electroweak processes partly convert into a baryon asymmetry. It explains the baryon excess indirectly, rather than generating it as the primary asymmetry.
CP violation in the Standard Model: CP-violating effects arising from the quark mixing matrix and other known Standard Model interactions. Their measured strength is too small to account for the observed cosmic baryon asymmetry in conventional scenarios.
Baryon number: A quantum number that counts baryons minus antibaryons in a physical system. Changing this number is necessary to create a net baryon excess from an initially symmetric state.
Antimatter: Matter composed of antiparticles, which have the same mass as corresponding particles and opposite charges and other quantum numbers. Baryogenesis concerns why the early universe did not leave equal surviving amounts of matter and antimatter.
Baryon asymmetry of the universe: The cosmological fact that the observable universe contains far more matter than antimatter. Baryogenesis names the proposed origin of this large-scale asymmetry.
Electroweak baryogenesis: A class of mechanisms that generate baryon asymmetry during the electroweak phase transition. It is a specific low-energy-scale realization of baryogenesis.
Electric dipole moment: A separation of positive and negative charge within a particle, violating both parity and time-reversal symmetry. Searches for particle electric dipole moments test new sources of CP violation relevant to baryogenesis.

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