Basque nationalism

Basque nationalism is a political movement seeking recognition, self-government, or independence for the Basque people and their homeland across Spain and France.

Sabino Arana: A Basque political thinker who founded the Basque Nationalist Party in 1895. His writings and organizing established the movement’s early nationalist program.
Basque self-government: The exercise of political authority by Basque institutions within Spain or France. It is the movement’s central practical demand short of full independence.
Basque separatism: The political position that the Basque Country should become independent from Spain, France, or both. It is the movement’s independence-seeking current, rather than its autonomy-oriented strands.
Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country: The 1979 legal framework establishing the Basque Autonomous Community and its self-governing institutions. It translated post-Franco demands for self-government into an enduring constitutional arrangement.
Basque Nationalist Party: A Basque political party founded in 1895 that advocates Basque self-government. It became the enduring institutional expression of Arana’s nationalism.
Basque Country (autonomous community): An autonomous community in northern Spain comprising Álava, Biscay, and Gipuzkoa. Its institutions provide a major arena for nationalist politics.
Basque autonomism: The political position that Basque territories should gain extensive self-government while remaining within existing states. It pursues national recognition without requiring sovereign independence.
Basque Government: The executive institution governing the Basque Autonomous Community in Spain. It exercises powers won through autonomy politics and is led by elected parties.
Foralism: A political tradition defending the historic regional laws and privileges known as fueros. Foral claims supplied an earlier language of Basque self-government.
Navarre: A region and autonomous community in northern Spain with a distinct political status. Its possible inclusion in a wider Basque political unit remains contested.

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