Batavian Revolution

The 1795 revolution in the Dutch Republic that overthrew the stadtholder’s government and led to the establishment of the Batavian Republic.

Dutch Republic: A federal republic of seven provinces in the Low Countries that existed from 1588 to 1795. The revolution ended this republic’s existing political order.
French invasion of the Dutch Republic: The French campaign that occupied the Dutch Republic in the winter of 1794–1795. It drove William V into exile and opened the way for revolution.
Constitution of the Batavian Republic: The 1798 constitution that established a unitary representative state in the Batavian Republic. It translated the revolutionary break into a new constitutional system.
Dutch States Party: A political faction in the Dutch Republic that defended provincial sovereignty and opposed the House of Orange’s authority. Its federalist tradition contrasts with the revolution’s drive toward a centralized republic.
Patriot movement: A Dutch political movement that challenged stadtholder William V and sought civic reform in the late eighteenth century. Its opposition supplied the domestic force behind the 1795 upheaval.
Amsterdam: The capital and largest city of the Netherlands, situated on the Amstel River. Its revolutionary committee helped establish new authority in the republic’s most influential city.
Unitary state: A state in which central institutions hold supreme authority over its constituent territories. The revolution’s constitutional settlement replaced the Dutch Republic’s federal structure with centralized government.
Orangism: A Dutch political movement supporting the House of Orange and the stadtholder’s authority. Its supporters opposed the Patriot-led overthrow of William V.
William V, Prince of Orange: The last stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, whose government was overthrown in 1795. His flight marked the collapse of the old regime.
Batavian Republic: A republic established in 1795 in the former Dutch Republic under strong French influence. It was the political order created by the revolution.

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