Battle of Agincourt

The Battle of Agincourt was an English victory over a larger French army on 25 October 1415, during the Hundred Years’ War. English longbowmen and the muddy battlefield helped shape its outcome.

English longbow: A powerful self bow used by English and Welsh archers, especially in medieval warfare. Massed longbow fire disrupted French attacks and helped define the battle’s fighting.
Henry V of England: King of England from 1413 to 1422, known for military campaigns in France during the Hundred Years’ War. Henry led the English army and later made the victory central to his claim in France.
Siege of Harfleur: The 1415 English siege that captured the French port of Harfleur after weeks of fighting. The siege weakened and depleted Henry’s army before its march toward Calais.
Siege of Rouen: The English siege of Rouen from 1418 to 1419, which ended with the city’s surrender to Henry V. Agincourt’s success preceded Henry’s deeper conquest of Normandy, including Rouen.
Battle of Agincourt battlefield: The site in northern France where English and French forces fought on 25 October 1415. Its constricted ground and wet conditions shaped the armies’ movements and fighting.
Medieval warfare: The military practices, forces, and technologies used in Europe during the Middle Ages. Agincourt’s tactics and battlefield reflect the wider conditions of late medieval warfare.
Charles d'Albret: A French military commander who served as constable of France and died at Agincourt. As constable, he commanded the French force during the battle.
Harfleur: A port in Normandy captured by Henry V’s forces in 1415. Taking Harfleur began the campaign that ended at Agincourt.
Catherine of Valois: A French princess who married Henry V of England in 1420 and became mother of Henry VI. The marriage formed part of the settlement Henry pursued after his military successes.
Medieval archery: The use of bows and arrows in warfare during the Middle Ages. Agincourt’s archery is often invoked, though its exact battlefield effects remain debated.

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