Battle of Baku

The Battle of Baku was a 1918 World War I campaign in which Ottoman and Azerbaijani forces captured Baku from the Central Caspian Dictatorship, ending its brief rule of the city.

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Battle of Baku (1918 campaign): The August–September 1918 military operations that culminated in Ottoman-led forces taking Baku. The September assault was the decisive phase of this broader campaign.
Caucasus campaign: The World War I military struggle between the Ottoman Empire and Russia across the Caucasus. Baku was a major objective in the campaign's final phase.
September Days: The September 1918 mass killings and expulsions in Baku following its capture by Ottoman-Azerbaijani forces. The city's fall was followed by reprisals against Armenians and other inhabitants.
Baku Commune: A Bolshevik-led government that ruled Baku from April to July 1918. It preceded the Central Caspian Dictatorship and represented a different political authority in the city.
Siege of Baku: The encirclement and bombardment of Baku by Ottoman-led forces in 1918. The siege strained the city's defenders before the final Ottoman assault.
Russian Revolution: The revolutions of 1917 that ended the Russian Empire and brought the Bolsheviks to power. Russia's withdrawal from the war opened the Caucasus to competing armies and governments.
Armistice of Mudros: The October 1918 armistice that ended Ottoman participation in World War I. The Ottoman victory in Baku was short-lived as the armistice required Ottoman withdrawal.
Ottoman Empire: A multiethnic empire centered in Anatolia that fought on the Central Powers' side in World War I. Its expansion toward Baku contrasted with British efforts to block Ottoman control of the Caspian.
Battle of the Dikhovka Heights: A 1918 engagement on the heights west of Baku during the Ottoman advance. Fighting for the western approaches tested the defensive line before the city fell.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: The March 1918 treaty in which Soviet Russia made peace with the Central Powers. Its settlement and aftermath enabled Ottoman advances into the Caucasus.