Battle of Chaeronea

A 338 BCE battle in which Philip II of Macedon defeated a Greek coalition led by Athens and Thebes, establishing Macedonian dominance over Greece.

Philip II of Macedon: King of Macedon from 359 to 336 BCE who transformed his kingdom into the dominant military power in Greece. His command and military reforms shaped the Macedonian victory at Chaeronea.
Philip II's military reforms: Changes to Macedonian forces under Philip II that strengthened infantry, cavalry, training, and military organization. These reforms created the army that defeated the Greek coalition.
League of Corinth: A federation of Greek states organized by Philip II in 337 BCE under Macedonian leadership. Philip used the postwar settlement to establish this alliance and secure control of Greece.
Chaeronea: A town in Boeotia, central Greece, near the site of the 338 BCE battle. The town gave the battle its name and lies beside its archaeological remains.
Sacred Band of Thebes: An elite Theban infantry unit traditionally composed of 150 pairs of male lovers. The unit fought at Chaeronea and was destroyed by Macedonian forces.
Third Sacred War: A 356–346 BCE conflict in central Greece over control of the Delphic Amphictyony and sanctuary of Apollo. Philip’s intervention in the war expanded his power south of Macedon.
Battle of Granicus: A 334 BCE battle in which Alexander the Great defeated a Persian army in northwestern Asia Minor. The campaign it opened fulfilled the invasion of Persia planned after Chaeronea.
Lion of Chaeronea: A monumental stone lion erected near Chaeronea, traditionally associated with the burial of the Theban Sacred Band. The monument commemorates the Thebans who died in the battle.
Macedonian phalanx: A dense infantry formation whose soldiers wielded long pikes called sarissas. Macedonian infantry formations helped break the Greek coalition’s battle line.
Peace of Philocrates: The 346 BCE agreement that ended hostilities between Athens and Philip II of Macedon. Its breakdown preceded the final confrontation between Athens and Philip.

Linked from 21 pages