Battle of Cold Harbor

A major American Civil War battle fought near Richmond, Virginia, from May 31 to June 12, 1864. Confederate forces repelled repeated Union assaults, helping stall Ulysses S. Grant’s campaign toward Richmond.

Battle of Gaines's Mill: An 1862 Civil War battle near Richmond in which Confederate forces defeated a Union army crossing the Chickahominy River. Like Cold Harbor, it turned on attacks against a strong Confederate position near Richmond.
Overland Campaign: The 1864 Union campaign in Virginia in which Grant repeatedly engaged Lee’s army while advancing toward Richmond. Cold Harbor was one of the campaign’s final major battles before Grant crossed the James River.
Battle of Cold Harbor, May 31: The opening phase of the 1864 Battle of Cold Harbor, beginning with cavalry action near the crossroads. Cavalry forces first contested the strategic crossroads on May 31.
Battle of North Anna: An 1864 Civil War battle in Virginia in which Lee used the North Anna River and defensive positioning to impede Grant’s advance. It preceded Cold Harbor and shows Lee using terrain to divide and constrain Union forces.
Trench warfare: Combat in which opposing forces fight from fortified lines of trenches and fieldworks. Confederate earthworks made frontal attacks at Cold Harbor especially costly.
Siege of Petersburg: A prolonged Civil War siege in Virginia from 1864 to 1865, fought for control of the rail and supply routes to Richmond. After Cold Harbor, Grant shifted south and began operations against Petersburg.
Battle of Cold Harbor, June 1: The June 1, 1864 phase of the Battle of Cold Harbor, when Union infantry attacked Confederate positions. Union reinforcements arrived and made the first substantial infantry assault.
Battle of Malvern Hill: An 1862 Civil War battle in Virginia where Union artillery and infantry repelled repeated Confederate attacks. It offers a contrasting case of costly frontal assaults ending in a Union defensive victory.
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House: An 1864 battle in Virginia between Union and Confederate armies, notable for prolonged fighting around fortified positions. Its fighting preceded Cold Harbor in Grant’s Overland Campaign and likewise centered on entrenched lines.
Battle of the Crater: An 1864 assault during the Siege of Petersburg in which Union troops attacked through a mine explosion beneath Confederate lines. It followed the move to Petersburg that began after Cold Harbor.

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