Battle of Formigny

A decisive 1450 battle in Normandy in which French forces defeated an English army, helping end English control of Normandy during the Hundred Years’ War.

Culverin: A long-barreled early cannon used to fire shot over considerable distances. French culverins helped disrupt the English position before the decisive fighting.
Siege of Rouen (1449–1450): The French siege that captured Rouen from English forces in October 1449. Rouen’s fall began the rapid French reconquest of Normandy that led to Formigny.
Fall of Normandy: The loss of English-held Normandy to French forces in 1449–1450. Formigny removed the principal English field army resisting the French advance.
Thomas Kyriell: An English commander captured by the French at the Battle of Formigny in 1450. His capture marked the collapse of English resistance on the field.
John Talbot: An English military commander who campaigned in France during the Hundred Years’ War. Talbot led the English relief force that arrived during the battle.
Truce of Tours: A 1444 agreement that temporarily halted fighting between England and France during the Hundred Years’ War. Its collapse reopened the struggle for French territory before the Normandy campaign.
Siege of Cherbourg (1450): The French siege that captured Cherbourg, the last major English-held town in Normandy, in August 1450. Its success completed the reconquest made possible by the defeat at Formigny.
Arthur de Richemont: A Breton nobleman and military commander who served as constable of France under Charles VII. His arrival with reinforcements turned the battle against the English.
Charles VII of France: King of France from 1422 to 1461, whose reign saw the recovery of much French territory from England. His military reforms and campaigns enabled the French advance in Normandy.
Normandy: A region of northern France with a long history of political and military ties to England. English control of Normandy was the central territorial stake in the campaign.

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