Battle of Fulford

A battle fought near York on 20 September 1066, in which Harald Hardrada’s Norwegian army defeated the English forces of Earls Edwin and Morcar.

River Ouse: A river in northern England that flows through York and empties into the Humber. The English line anchored its flank against the river during the battle.
Edward the Confessor: King of England from 1042 until his death in 1066. His death without a direct heir intensified competing claims to the crown.
York: A historic city in northern England, known in the early Middle Ages as an important political and ecclesiastical center. The Norwegian advance secured York shortly after the English defeat.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A collection of Old English annals recording events in England from the late ninth century onward. Its entry records the invasion and the English defeat near York.
River Foss: A river in North Yorkshire that joins the Ouse at York. The Foss formed another obstacle near the English defensive position.
Harald Hardrada's claim to the English throne: The basis for Harald Hardrada’s 1066 invasion, rooted in a disputed succession agreement involving Norway and England. His claim supplied the political pretext for the Norwegian campaign.
Battle of Hastings: A battle fought in 1066 in which William, Duke of Normandy, defeated and killed King Harold Godwinson. The defeat at Hastings later decided the same succession crisis that brought Hardrada to England.
Orderic Vitalis: A medieval English-born chronicler who wrote an extensive history of the Norman world in Latin. His account provides a later narrative of the 1066 campaign.
Battle of Stamford Bridge: A battle fought near York on 25 September 1066, where Harold Godwinson defeated Harald Hardrada’s invading army. The Norwegian defeat five days later ended the campaign begun at Fulford.
Tostig Godwinson: An English noble and brother of King Harold Godwinson who allied with Harald Hardrada in 1066. His rebellion and alliance helped bring the Norwegian army to Yorkshire.

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