Battle of Inchon

A United Nations amphibious landing at Inchon, South Korea, on 15 September 1950. It threatened North Korean supply lines and helped turn the Korean War against the North Korean advance.

Incheon: A port city on South Korea’s west coast, near Seoul, known as Inchon during the Korean War. Its harbor, tidal range, and seawalls shaped the landing plan.
Pusan Perimeter: A defensive line around southeastern South Korea held by United Nations and South Korean forces in summer 1950. The perimeter crisis made a counterstroke against North Korean rear areas attractive.
Pusan breakout: The September 1950 United Nations offensive that broke out from the Pusan Perimeter. The breakout coincided with the landing and trapped North Korean forces between converging fronts.
Operation Bluehearts: An early 1950 proposal for an amphibious landing near Inchon that was abandoned after the outbreak of the Korean War. Its cancellation shows that the Inchon concept preceded the later operation.
Operation Chromite: The United Nations amphibious operation that landed at Inchon in September 1950. This was the operational plan executed in the battle.
Douglas MacArthur: A United States general who commanded United Nations forces during the Korean War. MacArthur championed the Inchon landing despite objections about its risks.
North Korean retreat: The withdrawal of North Korean forces from much of South Korea after the September 1950 United Nations counteroffensive. The Inchon landing and Pusan breakout forced a rapid retreat south of the 38th parallel.
Operation Plan 100-B: A United States Army plan for an amphibious landing near Kunsan, considered as an alternative to Inchon in 1950. Kunsan offered a less hazardous landing site but less direct access to Seoul.
Battle of Wolmi-do: A 15 September 1950 assault that captured Wolmi-do island before the main Inchon landings. Taking this island secured an approach to Inchon’s inner harbor.
Joint Chiefs of Staff: The senior military leadership body advising the United States president and defense secretary. Its deliberations shaped approval and planning for MacArthur’s proposed operation.

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