Battle of Krtsanisi

The 1795 battle near Tbilisi in which Qajar Persian forces defeated the kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti, then devastated the city.

Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar: The founder of the Qajar dynasty who ruled Persia from 1789 until his assassination in 1797. He led the Persian campaign and directed the assault on the Georgian kingdoms.
Treaty of Georgievsk: The 1783 agreement placing the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti under Russian protection while preserving its internal autonomy. The treaty’s Russian protectorate commitment helped trigger the Persian demand for submission.
Destruction of Tbilisi (1795): The burning and sack of Tbilisi by Qajar forces after their victory in 1795. It was the battle’s immediate human and urban catastrophe.
Battle of Krtsanisi Monument: A memorial in Tbilisi commemorating those who fought and died in the 1795 battle. The memorial marks how the battle is remembered at its site.
Heraclius II of Georgia: The king of Kartli and Kakheti who ruled eastern Georgia from 1762 to 1798. His forces faced the Persian invasion after his kingdom’s alignment with Russia.
Russian Empire: A Eurasian empire ruled by the Romanov dynasty from 1721 to 1917. Its promised protection shaped Georgian policy, but Russia did not prevent the 1795 invasion.
Annexation of Georgia by Russia: The incorporation of Georgian kingdoms into the Russian Empire, beginning with Kartli-Kakheti in 1801. The weakened kingdom’s later absorption followed the political crisis exposed by the defeat.
Erekle II: The Georgian name for Heraclius II, king of Kartli and Kakheti from 1762 to 1798. The Georgian king’s strategic choices stand against Agha Mohammad Khan’s campaign aims.
Kartli-Kakheti: An eastern Georgian kingdom formed in 1762 by the union of Kartli and Kakheti. Its army and capital bore the direct force of the Persian campaign.
Caucasus: A region between the Black and Caspian seas, including the Greater Caucasus mountain range. Persian and Russian rivalry over this region framed the campaign.

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Zand dynastyRelated: After defeating the Zands, Agha Mohammad Khan turned north and extended Qajar power into the Caucasus.