Battle of Mukden

A major Russo-Japanese War battle fought near Mukden in Manchuria from February to March 1905. Japanese forces drove the Russian army into retreat, though the battle did not destroy it.

Battle of Shaho: A Russo-Japanese War battle fought in Manchuria in October 1904, ending with both armies holding their positions. Its inconclusive fighting preceded the winter stalemate that ended at Mukden.
Aleksey Kuropatkin: A Russian general who commanded Russian forces in the Russo-Japanese War and later served as minister of war. He directed the Russian defense and ordered the retreat from Mukden.
Russo-Japanese War: A war fought between the Russian Empire and Japan from 1904 to 1905 over influence in Korea and Manchuria. Mukden was the largest land battle of this wider conflict.
Treaty of Portsmouth: The 1905 peace treaty that ended the Russo-Japanese War and was negotiated with mediation by the United States. The treaty ended the war months after Mukden, whose outcome strengthened Japan’s position.
Battle of Sandepu: An inconclusive Russo-Japanese War battle fought near Mukden in January 1905. Its failed Russian offensive came shortly before the larger February campaign.
Ōyama Iwao: A Japanese field marshal who commanded the Japanese armies in the Russo-Japanese War. His overall command coordinated the Japanese effort to envelop and dislodge the Russians.
Siege of Port Arthur: A Japanese siege of the Russian naval base at Port Arthur from 1904 to January 1905. The siege’s conclusion freed Japanese forces that could reinforce the campaign in Manchuria.
Battle of Tsushima: A decisive Japanese naval victory over Russia in May 1905 during the Russo-Japanese War. This later defeat, rather than Mukden alone, helped force Russia toward peace.
Battle of Tashihchiao: A Russo-Japanese War battle in July 1904 in which Japanese forces defeated Russian troops near the railway to Liaoyang. The railway fighting foreshadowed the importance of communications and retreat routes at Mukden.
Kuroki Tamemoto: A Japanese general who commanded the First Army in the Russo-Japanese War. His eastern advance threatened the Russian flank during the battle.

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LiaoyangRelated: It followed the fighting at Liaoyang in the same campaign across southern Manchuria.