Battle of Plataea

A 479 BCE battle in Boeotia in which a Greek alliance defeated the Persian army, helping end Xerxes’ invasion of Greece.

Second Persian invasion of Greece: Xerxes’ 480–479 BCE campaign to conquer Greece, including the battles at Thermopylae and Salamis. Plataea was the campaign’s decisive land battle and helped end the invasion.
Aristides: An Athenian statesman and general who helped organize the Greek alliance against Persia. He represented Athens in the alliance whose forces fought at Plataea.
Delian League: An alliance led by Athens and founded in 478 BCE to continue military action against Persia. The Greek coalition’s victory helped shift resistance to Persia into a longer-term alliance.
Battle of Plataea monument: A commemorative monument erected by the Greek victors at Plataea, according to ancient sources. The monument embodied the alliance’s public claim to victory and shared sacrifice.
Battle of Salamis: A 480 BCE Greek naval victory over the Persian fleet in the straits near Athens. Its aftermath forced Xerxes to withdraw, leaving Mardonius to continue the campaign on land.
Herodotus: A fifth-century BCE Greek historian whose Histories recount the Persian Wars. His narrative is the fullest surviving ancient account of the battle.
Peace of Callias: A traditional name for a mid-fifth-century BCE agreement said to have ended hostilities between Athens and Persia. It represents the later diplomatic settlement of conflict that Plataea helped turn against Persia.
Plataea: An ancient Greek city in Boeotia, near the battlefield where the Greek alliance defeated Persia in 479 BCE. The city and surrounding plain gave the battle its name and setting.
Battle of Thermopylae: A 480 BCE battle in which a Greek force delayed the Persian advance through a narrow pass. The Persian victory opened the route into central Greece before the later defeat at Plataea.
Agesilaus II: A Spartan king who ruled in the fourth century BCE and campaigned across Greece and Asia Minor. Unlike Pausanias, this later Spartan king became known for campaigns rather than the Persian Wars.

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