Battle of the Alamo

The Battle of the Alamo was a 13-day siege in 1836 in which Mexican forces captured the Alamo mission at San Antonio from Texian defenders, killing nearly all inside.

Siege of Béxar: A prolonged 1835 siege in which Texian forces captured San Antonio de Béxar from Mexican troops. The earlier Texian victory left San Antonio’s Alamo exposed to the Mexican army’s return.
Texas Revolution: An 1835–1836 rebellion in which Texian settlers and Tejanos broke away from Mexico and established the Republic of Texas. The Alamo siege was one campaign in this broader revolt.
Sam Houston: A politician and general who led Texian forces during the Texas Revolution and later served as president of the Republic of Texas. Houston ordered the strategic retreat that left the Alamo isolated, then led the campaign that defeated Santa Anna.
Dawn assault on the Alamo: The final Mexican attack on the Alamo, launched before dawn on March 6, 1836. The assault overwhelmed the defenders after Mexican troops breached the mission’s defenses.
Republic of Texas: An independent republic that existed from 1836 until its annexation by the United States in 1845. The revolution that continued after the Alamo’s fall established this republic.
Alamo mission: A former Spanish mission compound in San Antonio that became a fortified position during the Texas Revolution. Its walls, buildings, and limited approaches shaped the defense and the attackers’ choices.
Mexican Federalist War: A 1832–1834 conflict in Mexico between federalists and centralists over the country’s political structure. Centralist consolidation helped turn Texian resistance into an armed rebellion.
Juan Seguín: A Tejano military and political leader who supported the Texas Revolution and served in the Texian army. Seguín carried messages from the Alamo and later helped bury the defenders’ remains.
Runaway Scrape: The mass flight of Texian civilians eastward during the Mexican army’s 1836 campaign. News of the Alamo’s fall helped trigger the civilian retreat.
Texas annexation: The 1845 incorporation of the Republic of Texas into the United States as a state. The Alamo’s legacy became part of the contested history surrounding Texas’s independence and incorporation.

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