Battle of the Pyramids

A French victory over Mamluk forces near Cairo on 21 July 1798 during Napoleon Bonaparte’s campaign in Egypt. The battle helped open Cairo to French occupation.

Infantry square: An infantry formation with soldiers arranged in a hollow square, designed to resist attacks from cavalry. French troops used squares to withstand repeated Mamluk cavalry charges.
French campaign in Egypt and Syria: A French military expedition from 1798 to 1801, led initially by Napoleon Bonaparte in Egypt and Syria. The Battle of the Pyramids was a major early engagement in this campaign.
French occupation of Egypt: The French military and political occupation of Egypt from 1798 to 1801. The victory enabled French forces to enter Cairo and extend their occupation.
Napoleon Bonaparte: A French military commander who later became emperor of the French from 1804 to 1814 and again in 1815. He commanded the French expedition and became the public face of its victory.
Battle of Shubra Khit: A French victory over Mamluk forces in Egypt on 13 July 1798, shortly before the Battle of the Pyramids. It was the expedition’s preceding major land engagement on its advance toward Cairo.
Mamluk cavalry: Mounted forces associated with the Mamluk military elite, known for horsemanship and close combat. Their charges tested the French formations but could not break them.
Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt: The French military invasion of Egypt in 1798, launched under Napoleon Bonaparte. The invasion brought the French army into conflict with Mamluk forces.
Cairo revolt of 1798: An uprising against French rule in Cairo in October 1798, suppressed by French forces. The city’s capture after the battle did not end Egyptian resistance.
Murat Bey: A Mamluk leader and governor who commanded forces against the French in Egypt. He led a principal Mamluk force at the battle.
French capture of Cairo: The French occupation of Cairo in July 1798 after the defeat of Mamluk forces. The city fell soon after the battle opened the route to the capital.

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Antoine-Jean GrosBroader topic: It shows Gros translating a campaign victory into monumental imperial history painting.