Battle of Ulundi

The Battle of Ulundi was a British victory over the Zulu army on 4 July 1879, fought at the Zulu capital during the Anglo-Zulu War.

British square: An infantry formation arranged as a hollow square, with troops facing outward on every side. British forces formed a square at Ulundi to resist attacks from all directions.
British ultimatum to the Zulu Kingdom: An 1878 British demand that the Zulu Kingdom accept conditions undermining its independence and military system. Its rejection preceded the British invasion that eventually reached Ulundi.
Evelyn Wood: A British Army officer who commanded a column during the Anglo-Zulu War. His column joined Chelmsford’s force for the final advance on Ulundi.
Burning of Ulundi: The British destruction of the Zulu royal capital after their victory on 4 July 1879. The burning made the military defeat visible as an assault on Zulu royal power.
Martini–Henry rifle: A British single-shot, breech-loading rifle adopted in 1871. Its firepower helped British troops break the Zulu assault at Ulundi.
Lord Chelmsford: Frederic Thesiger, 2nd Baron Chelmsford, was the British commander in the Anglo-Zulu War. He directed the British advance and commanded the force that attacked Ulundi.
Henry Evelyn Wood: A British Army officer and Victoria Cross recipient who served in southern Africa. He was a senior commander at Ulundi.
Capture of Cetshwayo: The British capture of Zulu king Cetshwayo near the end of the Anglo-Zulu War. Ulundi’s defeat left the king politically exposed before his capture in August 1879.
Gatling gun: A hand-cranked, multi-barrel machine gun developed by Richard Gatling. British forces used Gatling guns to intensify fire against the advancing Zulu army.
Battle of Isandlwana: A major Zulu victory over a British column on 22 January 1879 during the Anglo-Zulu War. The defeat compelled Britain to reinforce its invasion before resuming the advance on Ulundi.

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