Bayan of the Baarin

Bayan of the Baarin was a Mongol general who led Yuan forces in the conquest of the Southern Song dynasty, completed in 1279.

Battle of Xiangyang: A prolonged siege from 1268 to 1273 in which Yuan forces captured the fortified cities of Xiangyang and Fancheng. The fall of Xiangyang opened the route south that Bayan later used to advance toward the Song capital.
Kublai Khan: The Mongol ruler who founded the Yuan dynasty and reigned as its emperor from 1271 to 1294. Kublai entrusted Bayan with the campaign to conquer the Southern Song.
Yuan dynasty: A Chinese dynasty established by Kublai Khan in 1271 and ruled by the Mongols until 1368. Bayan's conquest campaign was fought for the dynasty Kublai founded.
Fall of the Southern Song: The end of the Southern Song dynasty after the Yuan conquest completed in 1279. Bayan's campaign captured the capital and weakened organized resistance, setting up the dynasty's final defeat.
Battle of Dingjiazhou: A 1275 naval battle in which Yuan forces defeated a major Southern Song fleet on the Yangtze River. Bayan's victory here shattered the Song's main river defense and cleared his advance toward Lin'an.
Aju: A Mongol general and grandson of Subutai who commanded Yuan forces in the conquest of the Southern Song. Aju's earlier operations, including the siege of Xiangyang, prepared the way for Bayan's campaign.
Mongol Empire: The empire founded by Genghis Khan that became the largest contiguous land empire in history. The Mongol Empire supplied the political and military tradition from which Bayan's Yuan command emerged.
Mongol conquest of China: The series of campaigns through which Mongol rulers brought the Chinese realms under their control. The Southern Song campaign under Bayan completed the conquest of China.
Siege of Lin'an: The 1276 surrender of Lin'an, the Southern Song capital, to Yuan forces. Bayan accepted the capital's surrender, bringing the Song court under Yuan control.
Liu Zheng: A former Southern Song commander who defected to the Mongols and helped direct their campaign against the Song. His knowledge of Song defenses and river warfare aided the Yuan strategy Bayan carried forward.

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Mongol conquest of the Song dynastyRelated: His advance down the Yangtze brought the Song capital, Lin’an, to surrender.