Bayinnaung

Bayinnaung was a Toungoo dynasty king who ruled Burma from 1550 to 1581 and built an empire that dominated much of mainland Southeast Asia.

Ayutthaya–Toungoo War: A series of conflicts between the kingdoms of Ayutthaya and Toungoo over dominance in mainland Southeast Asia. Bayinnaung’s campaigns against Ayutthaya brought the Siamese kingdom under Toungoo control for a time.
Toungoo dynasty: A Burmese royal dynasty that ruled from Toungoo and later Ava, expanding into a major Southeast Asian empire in the sixteenth century. Bayinnaung inherited and enlarged the dynasty founded by his predecessor.
Nanda Bayin: A Toungoo king who ruled Burma from 1581 to 1599 and was Bayinnaung’s son and successor. Nanda Bayin inherited the empire but struggled to maintain its far-flung allegiance.
Fall of the Toungoo Empire: The late-sixteenth-century collapse of the empire built by Bayinnaung, as tributary territories broke away from Toungoo rule. The empire’s rapid fragmentation exposed the limits of Bayinnaung’s system of personal allegiance.
Lan Na: A Tai kingdom centered on Chiang Mai that ruled much of northern Thailand from the thirteenth to eighteenth centuries. Bayinnaung incorporated Lan Na into his empire and used it as a key northern possession.
Tabinshwehti: A Toungoo king who ruled Burma from 1530 to 1550 and began the conquests later extended by Bayinnaung. As Tabinshwehti’s general and brother-in-law, Bayinnaung helped win the campaigns that preceded his accession.
Sithu Kyawhtin: A Burmese general and governor who served the Toungoo monarchy during the sixteenth century. His service illustrates how Bayinnaung relied on trusted commanders to govern and defend conquered territories.
Ayutthaya Kingdom: A Siamese kingdom centered on Ayutthaya that became a major Southeast Asian power from the fourteenth to eighteenth centuries. Bayinnaung’s conquest made Ayutthaya a subordinate state, though it later regained independence.
Tributary system: A political arrangement in which subordinate rulers send tribute and acknowledge a superior power while retaining local authority. Bayinnaung often governed distant conquests through local rulers bound by tribute and allegiance.
Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War: A series of wars in the sixteenth century through which Toungoo rulers conquered the Mon kingdom of Hanthawaddy. These wars formed the military and political setting for Bayinnaung’s rise.

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AlaungpayaCompared with: Both rulers unified Burma, but Bayinnaung’s empire preceded the political collapse Alaungpaya confronted.