Bechuanaland Protectorate

The Bechuanaland Protectorate was a British-administered territory established in 1885 in southern Africa. It became the independent Republic of Botswana in 1966.

John Mackenzie: A Scottish missionary and British colonial official who advocated British protection for Tswana communities. His advocacy helped bring imperial attention to Tswana requests for protection.
British South Africa Company: A chartered company that administered British territories in southern Africa and sought mining and commercial expansion. The company governed the northern portion of Bechuanaland from 1891.
Botswana: A landlocked country in southern Africa that became independent from Britain in 1966. The protectorate's territory became the modern state of Botswana.
Tati Concessions Land: A territory in northeastern Bechuanaland granted to the Tati Concessions Company for mining and settlement. Its separate status complicates the protectorate's territorial boundaries.
Rogers' Law: A British law of 1884 that authorized annexation of the Transvaal's western borderlands. It intensified fears that Boer expansion would threaten Tswana territories.
Cecil Rhodes: A British imperialist and politician who led the British South Africa Company and served as prime minister of the Cape Colony. His company sought control northward through Bechuanaland toward Central Africa.
Botswana independence: The end of British rule and establishment of the Republic of Botswana on 30 September 1966. Independence formally ended the protectorate.
Mafeking: A town in southern Africa that served as the administrative headquarters of the Bechuanaland Protectorate outside its borders. The protectorate was governed from this town, now in South Africa.
Warren Expedition: The British military and diplomatic expedition led by Charles Warren into Bechuanaland in 1884–1885. It asserted British authority and helped establish the protectorate.
Bechuanaland British Crown Colony: A separate British colony established in 1885 over territory south of the Bechuanaland Protectorate. Its distinct administration shows that the protectorate did not include all British Bechuanaland.

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