Belief
Belief is a mental attitude that treats a proposition as true. A belief can be justified or unjustified, and true or false.
Proposition: A proposition is the content expressed by a declarative sentence, capable of being true or false. Beliefs take propositions as their contents.
Bayesian epistemology: Bayesian epistemology models degrees of belief as probabilities updated in response to evidence. It gives a formal account of how evidence can change belief strength.
Faith: Faith is trust or commitment that may involve belief, reliance, or acceptance beyond available evidence. Faith can include forms of commitment not captured by propositional belief alone.
Theory of mind: Theory of mind is the capacity to attribute beliefs, desires, and other mental states to oneself and others. Attributing beliefs helps explain and predict other people's behavior.
Belief–desire–intention model: The belief–desire–intention model explains action through an agent's beliefs, goals, and plans. It treats belief as a central state in practical reasoning and intelligent behavior.
Truth: Truth is the property of statements or propositions that accurately represent how things are. A belief may be true even when its holder lacks evidence.
Confirmation bias: Confirmation bias is the tendency to favor information that supports existing expectations or beliefs. It helps explain why beliefs can persist despite contrary evidence.
Opinion: An opinion is a judgment or view that may be tentative, disputed, or weakly supported. Ordinary usage often treats opinion as less settled than belief.
Self-fulfilling prophecy: A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation that helps bring about the outcome it predicts. Beliefs can alter actions in ways that make their contents come true.
Functionalism (philosophy of mind): Functionalism identifies mental states by their causal roles among inputs, other states, and behavior. It asks whether belief is defined by what it does rather than what it is made of.