Bellows

A bellows is a flexible chamber that expands and contracts to move air or accommodate changes in length between connected parts. Its folded or pleated walls allow repeated motion while containing air or shielding a joint.

Positive-displacement pump: A pump that moves fluid by repeatedly trapping and displacing fixed volumes. A bellows pumps air by changing the volume of its chamber.
Forge: A hearth used to heat metal for shaping, often supplied with forced air. Hand bellows historically supplied the blast that intensified a forge’s fire.
Accordion fold: A repeated sequence of alternating folds that allows a sheet to expand and contract. This geometry gives many bellows their characteristic extensible walls.
Piston: A sliding component that changes a cylinder’s volume to transmit force or displace fluid. A piston uses a rigid moving boundary where a bellows uses a deforming wall.
Diaphragm pump: A pump that moves fluid by flexing a membrane to change chamber volume. It uses a flexible boundary like a bellows, but without pleated sidewalls.
Organ bellows: A reservoir or pump that supplies pressurized air to a pipe organ. Organ bellows store and regulate the wind needed by the pipes.
Diaphragm: A flexible membrane that separates regions and can move under pressure or force. A diaphragm is the simplest flexible boundary used in bellows-like chambers.
Rotary pump: A pump that moves fluid through rotation of internal elements. Rotary pumps provide continuous motion rather than the bellows’ reciprocating stroke.
Check valve: A valve that permits flow in one direction while restricting flow in the other. Paired check valves can direct a bellows pump’s intake and discharge.
Sphygmomanometer: An instrument that measures blood pressure using an inflatable cuff and pressure gauge. A hand bulb with bellows-like action inflates many manual cuffs.

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