Benzophenone

Benzophenone is an aromatic ketone with two phenyl groups bonded to a carbonyl carbon. It is used in organic synthesis and as a photoinitiator and ultraviolet absorber.

Photochemistry: The study of chemical reactions and physical changes initiated by light. Light excitation gives benzophenone a reactive triplet state that drives many of its photochemical roles.
Photoinitiator: A compound that absorbs light and generates reactive species that initiate polymerization. Benzophenone initiates curing by producing radicals after excitation and hydrogen abstraction.
Ketone: An organic compound containing a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms. Benzophenone belongs to this functional-group family, with two phenyl groups attached to its carbonyl carbon.
Acetophenone: An aromatic ketone with a methyl group and a phenyl group bonded to its carbonyl carbon. Unlike benzophenone, acetophenone has only one phenyl group attached to the carbonyl.
Intersystem crossing: A nonradiative transition between electronic states of different spin multiplicity. Benzophenone efficiently crosses from an excited singlet state to a longer-lived triplet state.
UV absorber: A substance that absorbs ultraviolet radiation and reduces its transmission through a material. Benzophenone is a parent structure for ultraviolet-absorbing compounds used in materials and products.
Carbonyl group: A functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to oxygen. The carbonyl group gives benzophenone its ketone reactivity and its characteristic light absorption.
Benzil: An aromatic diketone with two adjacent carbonyl groups, each bonded to phenyl groups. Benzil adds a second carbonyl to a framework related to benzophenone.
Norrish type II reaction: A photochemical reaction in which an excited carbonyl compound abstracts a gamma hydrogen and undergoes cleavage or cyclization. Excited benzophenone can abstract hydrogen from suitable donors through this named carbonyl photoreaction.
Polymerization: A chemical process that links small molecules into larger molecules or networks. Radicals generated by benzophenone can initiate polymerization in light-curable coatings and inks.

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