Berlin

Berlin is Germany’s capital and largest city, located in the country’s northeast. It is a federal state with a history shaped by division and reunification.

Brandenburg Gate: An eighteenth-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, once a city gate and now a national symbol. Its changing role reflects Berlin’s shifts from royal capital to divided city to reunified capital.
Margraviate of Brandenburg: A medieval and early modern polity in the Holy Roman Empire centered on Brandenburg. Berlin grew within Brandenburg before becoming the center of a larger Prussian state.
Federal states of Germany: The sixteen constituent states that share political authority with Germany’s federal government. Berlin is both a city and one of Germany’s federal states.
Bundestag: Germany’s federal parliament, elected by the public and based in Berlin. Its presence makes Berlin the center of national legislative politics.
Berlin Wall: A barrier built by East Germany in 1961 to prevent movement from East Berlin to West Berlin. Its route and remains mark the division that shaped daily life across the city.
Kingdom of Prussia: A German kingdom that existed from 1701 to 1918 and became a major European power. Prussia made Berlin its capital and drove the city’s expansion.
Berlin Senate: The executive government of the state of Berlin, led by the Governing Mayor. It performs the city-state’s regional governing functions.
Federal government of Germany: Germany’s national executive, consisting of the chancellor and federal ministers. Its institutions in Berlin make the city the seat of national government.
Reichstag building: A Berlin parliament building opened in 1894 and home to the Bundestag since German reunification. Its restoration made a historic landmark the seat of Germany’s federal parliament.
German Empire: The German nation-state established in 1871 and ruled as a constitutional monarchy until 1918. Berlin became the empire’s capital, gaining prominence as Germany unified.

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