Bernardo de Gálvez

Bernardo de Gálvez was a Spanish military officer and colonial administrator who aided the American Revolution and later served as viceroy of New Spain.

Siege of Pensacola: The 1781 Spanish campaign that captured the British-held port of Pensacola in West Florida. Gálvez led the assault that removed a major British base on the Gulf Coast.
Spanish entry into the American Revolutionary War: Spain’s 1779 declaration of war against Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War. It gave Gálvez authority to attack British positions along the Gulf Coast.
Matías de Gálvez: A Spanish military officer and colonial administrator who served as viceroy of New Spain from 1783 to 1784. Gálvez’s father also held high office in Spain’s American empire.
Treaty of Paris (1783): The 1783 treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War and recognized United States independence. Spain’s wartime gains and the American settlement reshaped control of territory Gálvez had fought over.
Battle of Baton Rouge: A 1779 battle in which Spanish forces captured the British-held fort at Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Gálvez’s victory secured the lower Mississippi River for Spain.
Spanish Louisiana: The Spanish colony that encompassed the Mississippi River basin west of the river from 1763 to 1800. Gálvez used its people, ports, and resources to supply his campaigns.
José de Gálvez: A Spanish statesman who directed major administrative reforms in Spain’s American empire during the eighteenth century. As Gálvez’s uncle, he helped advance the family’s political influence.
West Florida: A British and later Spanish colony along the northern Gulf of Mexico, including present-day parts of the southeastern United States. Gálvez’s victories helped Spain recover this contested region from Britain.
Battle of Lake Pontchartrain: A 1779 naval engagement in which Spanish forces defeated a British flotilla near New Orleans. The victory helped keep British forces from disrupting Gálvez’s Mississippi campaign.
Havana: The capital of Cuba and a major Spanish naval and administrative center in the Caribbean. Its military resources helped support Spain’s operations against Britain in the Gulf.

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Chapultepec CastleRelated: As viceroy, he commissioned the castle’s construction in 1785.