Knowra Bernoulli's principle Bernoulli's principle In steady flow of an ideal fluid, higher speed corresponds to lower static pressure along a streamline, with pressure, kinetic energy, and gravitational potential energy trading off.
Bernoulli equation : An equation relating pressure, fluid speed, and height along a streamline in steady, inviscid flow. It expresses the principle quantitatively as a conserved sum of pressure, kinetic, and gravitational terms.
Venturi effect : A pressure decrease produced as fluid accelerates through a constricted passage. A narrowing passage speeds flow, illustrating Bernoulli's relation when losses are small.
Fluid : A substance that continuously deforms and flows under applied shear stress. Bernoulli's principle describes the motion and pressure of fluids, including liquids and gases.
Navier–Stokes equations : Differential equations describing fluid motion with pressure, inertia, and viscous stresses. They describe viscous flows beyond Bernoulli's idealized energy balance.
Daniel Bernoulli : A Swiss mathematician and physician whose 1738 work Hydrodynamica helped establish mathematical fluid dynamics. His name is attached to the pressure-speed relation presented in Hydrodynamica.
Continuity equation : A conservation law stating that mass entering a region must balance mass leaving it and any accumulation inside. Together with Bernoulli's equation, it predicts pressure changes when a pipe narrows.
Venturi meter : A flow-measuring device that infers discharge from the pressure difference across a constriction. It converts the pressure-speed relation into a practical measurement of flow rate.
Steady flow : Flow in which fluid properties at each fixed location do not change with time. Steadiness is one of the assumptions behind the familiar Bernoulli equation.
Euler equations : Fluid-motion equations for an inviscid fluid, expressing momentum conservation. Their streamline energy relation yields Bernoulli's equation under suitable steady-flow conditions.
Hydrodynamica : Daniel Bernoulli's 1738 book on fluid motion, pressure, and related mechanical problems. The book contains the historical treatment from which Bernoulli's principle is commonly traced.
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