Bertil Ohlin

Bertil Ohlin (1899–1979) was a Swedish economist and Liberal politician whose work on international trade helped establish the Heckscher–Ohlin theory. He received the 1977 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

Heckscher–Ohlin model: A model explaining trade patterns through countries’ relative supplies of production factors and goods’ factor intensities. It formalizes the trade theory Ohlin developed from Eli Heckscher’s insight.
James Meade: A British economist whose work on international trade and economic policy earned the 1977 Nobel Memorial Prize. Meade shared the 1977 economics prize with Ohlin for contributions to international trade theory.
Heckscher–Ohlin theorem: The prediction that countries export goods using their relatively abundant production factors intensively. This is the model’s central prediction about the direction of trade.
Interregional and International Trade: Ohlin’s 1933 book explaining trade between regions and nations through differences in factor supplies and production. This book presented Ohlin’s mature account of international trade.
Eli Heckscher: A Swedish economist whose work on factor endowments shaped modern international trade theory. Heckscher formulated the insight that Ohlin developed into a broader theory.
Paul Samuelson: An American economist whose mathematical work developed and tested major theories of international trade. His formal results clarified implications of the factor-proportions approach associated with Ohlin.
Stolper–Samuelson theorem: A result linking changes in goods prices to changes in the real returns of production factors. It shows how trade-driven price changes can redistribute income between factors.
Stockholm School: A group of Swedish economists associated with macroeconomic analysis and economic policy in the early twentieth century. Ohlin belonged to a Swedish intellectual milieu that connected theory with policy.
Factor endowment: The quantity of productive resources, such as labor, capital, and land, available to an economy. Differences in national factor supplies are central to Ohlin’s account of trade.
Swedish Liberal Party: A Swedish political party in which Ohlin served as a leading figure and parliamentary representative. Ohlin led the party while pursuing a long career in Swedish politics.

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