Bettino Craxi

Bettino Craxi was an Italian Socialist politician who led the Italian Socialist Party from 1976 to 1993 and served as Italy’s prime minister from 1983 to 1987.

Giulio Andreotti: Giulio Andreotti was an Italian politician who served as prime minister seven times and held numerous senior government posts. Andreotti was Craxi’s Christian Democratic coalition partner and a central rival in postwar Italian politics.
Pentapartito: The Pentapartito was an Italian governing alliance of five centrist and center-left parties that dominated politics in the 1980s. Craxi led a government sustained by this five-party coalition.
Italian Socialism: Italian socialism encompasses political movements advocating social ownership, labor rights, and egalitarian reform in Italy. Craxi’s career emerged from the Socialist tradition he later sought to modernize.
Tangentopoli: Tangentopoli was the widespread political corruption exposed by Italian investigations beginning in 1992. Investigations tied to Tangentopoli devastated Craxi’s party and ended his political career.
Sandro Pertini: Sandro Pertini was an Italian Socialist politician who served as president of Italy from 1978 to 1985. As president, Pertini appointed Craxi prime minister in 1983.
Italian First Republic: The Italian First Republic is the political system established after the monarchy ended in 1946 and transformed in the early 1990s. Craxi’s rise and premiership unfolded within its party-based parliamentary system.
Autonomist Marxism: Autonomist Marxism is a Marxist current emphasizing workers’ self-organization and independence from parties and unions. Craxi’s party-centered, parliamentary socialism diverged from this anti-institutional left tradition.
Mani Pulite: Mani Pulite was a series of Italian judicial investigations into political corruption that began in 1992. The investigations brought charges against Craxi and exposed party-financing networks.
Enrico Berlinguer: Enrico Berlinguer led the Italian Communist Party from 1972 until his death in 1984. Berlinguer’s Communist Party offered a major left-wing alternative to Craxi’s Socialist strategy.
Sigonella crisis: The Sigonella crisis was a 1985 confrontation between Italy and the United States over custody of hijackers of the Achille Lauro. Craxi’s government asserted Italian jurisdiction during this defining foreign-policy confrontation.

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