Bhutan

Bhutan is a landlocked Himalayan country bordered by China and India. Its official name is the Kingdom of Bhutan.

Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal: A Tibetan Buddhist lama who unified Bhutan in the seventeenth century and established its dual system of government. His unification and institutions shaped Bhutan’s enduring political identity.
Ugyen Wangchuck: Bhutan’s first king, crowned in 1907 and founder of the Wangchuck dynasty. His coronation began Bhutan’s hereditary monarchy.
Eastern Himalaya: The eastern section of the Himalayan mountain system, spanning several countries including Bhutan. Bhutan’s steep terrain belongs to this broader mountain region.
Gross National Happiness: A Bhutanese development framework that evaluates progress through multiple dimensions of well-being. Bhutan uses this framework to assess development beyond economic output.
India–Bhutan relations: The political, economic, and security relationship between India and Bhutan. India is Bhutan’s principal trade partner and a key regional partner.
Wangchuck dynasty: Bhutan’s ruling royal dynasty, founded when Ugyen Wangchuck became the first king in 1907. The dynasty established the hereditary monarchy that guided Bhutan’s transition to modern statehood.
Jigme Dorji Wangchuck: Bhutan’s third king, who introduced major political and social reforms during his reign. His reforms laid groundwork for Bhutan’s modern state institutions.
Dzongkha: A Sino-Tibetan language that is Bhutan’s national and official language. It serves as a shared national language within Bhutan’s multilingual society.
Bhutanese environmental policy: The laws and policies Bhutan uses to protect ecosystems and manage natural resources. Conservation is a stated priority in Bhutan’s development approach.
China–Bhutan relations: The diplomatic relationship between China and Bhutan, including negotiations over their disputed border. Bhutan’s northern border remains a focus of talks with China.

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