Bid'ah

Bid'ah is an innovation introduced into Islamic belief or practice after the formative period of Islam. Muslim scholars disagree over which later practices qualify and whether some innovations are commendable.

Sunnah: Sunnah is the normative example of Muhammad’s words, actions, and approvals in Islam. Bid'ah is commonly defined against practices grounded in the Prophet’s example.
Quran: The Quran is Islam’s sacred scripture, understood by Muslims as divine revelation to Muhammad. Arguments about bid'ah appeal to Quranic principles and passages.
Salafism: Salafism is a Sunni movement that calls for emulating the earliest generations of Muslims. Salafi approaches generally scrutinize devotional practices lacking precedent among the early generations.
Tarawih: Tarawih is the additional congregational prayer performed during Ramadan nights. The practice is cited in debates about Umar’s description of its organized form as a good innovation.
Islamic jurisprudence: Islamic jurisprudence is the human interpretation of Islamic legal sources and methods. Jurists determine how the category applies to beliefs and practices.
Hadith: Hadith are reports about Muhammad’s sayings, actions, and approvals. Prophetic reports supply central evidence for condemning or qualifying innovations.
Sufism: Sufism comprises Islamic traditions of spiritual discipline, devotion, and experiential knowledge of God. Some Sufi communities defend devotional forms that critics classify as bid'ah.
Qunut: Qunut is a supplication recited while standing during certain Islamic prayers. Its placement and regular use have generated disputes about established worship and later additions.
Tawhid: Tawhid is the Islamic doctrine of God's oneness and uniqueness. Disputes over innovation often concern whether a practice compromises proper worship of God.
Ijma: Ijma is the principle of scholarly consensus in Islamic jurisprudence. Claims about established consensus can determine whether a practice is treated as legitimate.

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