Binary number

A number represented in the base-two numeral system, where each digit is 0 or 1 and each position denotes a power of two.

Positional numeral system: A numeral system in which a digit's value depends on its position and the system's base. Binary uses positional notation, with each place worth a power of two.
Binary-to-decimal conversion: The process of evaluating a binary numeral as a quantity in decimal notation. Multiplying each digit by its place value reveals the represented quantity.
Digital electronics: Electronic circuits that represent and process information using discrete signal levels. Two stable signal levels make binary values convenient for physical circuits.
Decimal numeral system: The base-ten positional numeral system, using the digits 0 through 9. Its familiar place values are powers of ten rather than powers of two.
Base (numeral system): The number of distinct digits, including zero, used in a positional numeral system. Base two determines binary's two digits and its powers-of-two place values.
Decimal-to-binary conversion: The process of expressing a decimal number using base-two digits. Repeated division by two converts integer quantities into binary notation.
Binary encoding: The representation of information using sequences of binary digits. Binary numerals extend from quantities to text, instructions, and other data.
Hexadecimal: The base-sixteen positional numeral system, using sixteen digit symbols. One hexadecimal digit compactly represents four binary digits.
Powers of two: Numbers obtained by repeatedly multiplying two by itself, including one and zero's place value. Each binary position represents a successive power of two.
Binary addition: Addition performed on base-two numerals, using carries when a column sums to two or more. Its carry rule follows directly from the base-two place values.

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