Knowra Biofilm Biofilm A community of microorganisms attached to a surface and embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix. The matrix helps cells remain together and alters their local environment.
Quorum sensing : Cell-to-cell communication in which microorganisms detect and respond to secreted signaling molecules. Signaling can coordinate matrix production and other group behaviors as a biofilm develops.
Dental plaque : A structured microbial biofilm that forms on teeth and can contribute to tooth decay and gum disease. It is a familiar biofilm whose growth and removal affect oral health.
Planktonic cell : A microbial cell living freely suspended in a liquid rather than attached to a surface. This free-living state contrasts with the attached, matrix-embedded lifestyle of a biofilm.
Chronic infection : An infection that persists over an extended period, often despite immune responses or treatment. Biofilm growth can sustain infections that are difficult to clear completely.
Extracellular polymeric substance : A mixture of polymers outside microbial cells, including polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular DNA. This matrix material binds cells and helps structure the biofilm.
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection : A urinary infection associated with a catheter, often involving microbial growth on the device. Catheter surfaces can support biofilms that sustain infection and resist clearance.
Antimicrobial resistance : The inherited ability of microorganisms to grow despite exposure to an antimicrobial drug. Biofilm tolerance can resemble resistance, but does not necessarily involve inherited drug resistance.
Cystic fibrosis : An inherited disorder that causes thick secretions and recurrent lung disease, especially from childhood onward. Biofilm-forming bacteria contribute to persistent airway infections in many affected people.
Microbial adhesion : The attachment of microorganisms to surfaces or other cells through physical and molecular interactions. Initial adhesion is the first step in establishing many surface-associated biofilms.
Biofouling : The accumulation of organisms on surfaces in settings such as ship hulls, pipes, and water systems. Biofilms are an early stage of biological buildup on submerged or wet surfaces.
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